In-Class Test Correction (L2, L3, M1) : General linguistic remarks

Vocabulary:

Independence

Base (concrete) ¹ basis (abstract) ê the plural form in both cases is: bases

The legal basis / the base of the bed

To rise (intransitif): For example E. Hemingway’s novel “The Sun Also Rises”

To raise (transifif): to raise a defence

To claim ¹ to pretend

Previous (adj.) ¹ A Precedent (n.)

Dans la mesure où: insofar as…

Allege / alleged / allegedly

Statue ¹ Status ¹ Statute

Les dispositions de la loi: the provisions of the statute

To lay down: the act lays down that / to lay down a rule

To set out: (presenter / exposer): the information is set out in the table below

THE UK and THE EU BUT UK Law / EU Law

Jurisdiction:

To have jurisdiction over certain matters = to be competent to hear certain claims

A jurisdiction is a territory where a legal system applies

To bind lower courts: the Court of appeal’s precedent binds lower courts / is binding on lower courts.

To bind (bound, bound) ê to be bound.

(The contract binds the parties / The contract is binding on the parties)

Address: to address an issue

High-profile cases

To complain (v.) / A complaint (n.)

To exhaust all possibilities of appeal

The court of last resort

To obtain redress

Prévoir: to foresee (anticipate)

Etre chargé de: To be in charge of + V-ing

To be on an equal footing with / to be on a par with (être au meme niveau que…)

Prior to = before

Current  ¹ actual

In the case at hand / in the instant case

Cases lie from the Crown Court to the Court of Appeal

To take a case to court / to make a claim / to assert a claim in tort

To bring a case before the Court of appeal (NOT in front of)

Scope: this falls within the scope of the law

Surrogacy:

Expense ¹ expenses

To cover / pay for the expenses incurred during the pregnancy

To meet someone’s needs / to provide for someone’s needs

To give full effect to surrogacy

A complex situation can arise / to give rise to complex situation. (The Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 2008 gave rise to problematic situations)

Legislation: further legislation is required

The Child’s welfare
To give up the child for adoption

Surrogate / surrogacy

Faire appel à: to have recourse to surrogacy (also: “to resort to a surrogate mother” but “resort” has a negative connotation)

To make a profit ¹ to benefit from ¹ to take advantage of

Un tiers: a third party

Nouveau-né: a newborn (n.) / a newborn child (adj.)

Etre en âge de: to be of age ¹ to be under age

Family Law:

“Reservé à”: Civil partnership is only available to / only open to / (only limited to)

To conclude a pre-nuptial agreement / to enter into a pre-nuptial agreement.

Two years’ separation

Discrimination:

Discrimination is uncountable

Information is uncountable

To benefit of the same rights as / to enjoy the same rights as…

To put someone with a protected characteristic at a disadvantage

To get fired / sacked  / to be given the sack (inf.) = to be dismissed (to be given one’s cards) / to be made redundant (eco.)

Contract law:

A bilateral contract, a unilateral contract

Grammar:

Prepositions:

To set limits on something

To impose something on someone

In comparison with

As opposed to

Divided into 3 divisions: / Divide ¹ devise

The High Court is composed of 3 divisions…

Syntax:

To give something to someone / to give someone something

Whereas / Unlike:

Ø  Whereas + Groupe verbal

Ø  Unlike + Groupe nominal

Before + v-ing / After + v-ing / Instead of + v-ing

Contribute to + V-ing

To make someone do something = To have someone do something

= To get someone to do something.

The only one of these structures to have a passive form is “to make someone do something”. It becomes: to be made to so something

Sequence of tenses:

If + Present ê Future

If + Preterit ê Present Conditional (If I had …. I would)

If + Past Perfect ê Past Conditional